Using English Classify : The Clasification of Matter in Chemistry

Classification Of Matter

(Element, Compound, Mixture)

I. Classification of Substance (Material)

               The materials (substances) is anything that has mass and volume. Therefore the material has a volume, it must occupy a certain space. All the things that we can see or we touch, such as solar, wind, books, glass, water and even our own bodies, all of them are composed of material.

 The chemistry in the investigation of studying the properties and changes of matter.

material classified / are classified as follows:

a.    Substance Single (Pure) is a homogeneous material structure with the same chemical properties.

b.    An element is a substance with ordinary chemical reaction does not not broken down into more simple substances. Example: carbon, iron, zinc, copper.

c.    Compound: is a substance with ordinary chemical reactions can be decomposed into a substance more sederhana.Contoh: water, salt, carbon dioxide

d.   The mixture is a material composed of two or more kinds of substances that are not chemically bound and can be separated back.

e.    homogenous mixture is mixed well every part is uniform in color, flavor and comparison substances mixed together well, and have no boundary between the components. Example: The salt solution in water and sugar solution in water

f.     Heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that each part was not as nice color, taste, and ratio of mixing substances are not the same and one component with other components contained limit field, so that we can distinguish one with the other. Examples of the oil and water mixture and mix the coffee with water.

The matter are:

1. Elements

               The element is the simplest substance of the matter and a single substance.

Elements that are the basis of the formation of compounds.

At this time have been known to many as 109 kinds of elements, which are divided into two parts:

1. The element nature (1-92): - metal

                                                     - Nonmetallic

2. Artificial elements (93-109): - metal

                                                     - Nonmetallic

The purpose of writing the symbol of the element or elements of the symbol is to facilitate -

and simplify the way of writing the name of the elements.

In writing the symbols of elements by Berzelius:

1. Coat the elements comprising one should wear uppercase letters (uppercase).

2. Coat the elements consisting of two letters must wear uppercase first letter (first letter) and -

 the second letter and so should be lowercase.

3. Coat the maximum element 2 letter.

Writing symbol constituents to be in accordance with the IUPAC rules:

a.       The name of the element should be brief and nothing to do with the atomic number of the element.

b.      The name of the element given the suffix ium.

c.       Coat the elements taken from the name of the element and is related to a number of elements.

d.      Coat the elements consist of three letters; where the first letter with the next capital letter and lowercase letters.

Determination of basic numbers used to determine the elements according to IUPAC name:

1.      0 - Nil 4 - Quad 8 - Oct

2.      1 - Un 5 - Pent 9 - Enn

3.      2 - Bi 6 - Hext

4.      3 - Tri 7 - Sept

example:

106 = Unnilhextium (Unh) 120 = unbinilium (UBN)

109 = Unnilennium (Une) 220 = Bibinilium (BBN)

111 = Unununium (Uuu) 222 = Bibibiium (Bbb)

2. Compound and Mixed

      The elements react with each other to form substances called compounds. Defined compounds are -

substances that are formed and composed of elements through a chemical reaction. So the compound is-

 a single substance.

As an example below.

Compound 

constituent elements

Water                   H 2 O                H, O

Sugar,                   C12H22O11       C, H, O

Kitchen salt,         NaCl                   Na, Cl

Limestone,           CaCO3                Ca, C, O

 If substances joined to each other rather than through a chemical reaction but rather by means -

of physics then the combined substances are called the mixture. 

Land, air, river and sea, are examples of mixtures.

 Component (constituent substance) may be a mixture of elements or compounds. For example, 

a mixture of elements with the elements, elements with a compound or mixture of compounds -

with compounds.

3.Compounds difference with Mixed 

The mixture can be distinguished by the compounds include:

Mixed Compounds

1. The elements are not mixed according to certain rules (which varies / vary)

2. The properties of mixed elements are not lost

3. Separation elements mingled easily done.

 Differences Inorganic Compounds And Organic Compounds

Inorganic compounds, a compound not mngandung except carbon dioxide (CO2), 

carbon monoxide (CO) and carbonate (CO32-). While the organic compound is a carbon-containing compounds

 except CO2, C dab CO32-

Example:

• Glucose C6H22O6

• Sugar C12H22O11

Chemical Formulas

Latin Name	Name Symbol	Elements Of Indonesia
Al	Aluminum	Aluminum
Ag	Argentum	Silver
Ba	Barium	Barium
Bi	Bismuth	Bismuth
Cr	Chromium	Chromium
Ca	Cobalt	Cobalt
Cu	Copper	Cuprum

Before we discuss the chemical formula, we need to memorize the symbols of the elements that -

 we find in the subject of chemistry.

Metallic elements:

The chemical formula is divided into several types including:

1. The chemical formula or chemical formula atomic elements.

         Atom is the smallest part of an element, and therefore 

the same chemical formula element with the chemical formula of the atom. 

• Atomic number element is composed of one atom is called monatomic, 

  has a formula corresponding to the symbol of the element. 

• 
  

• Example: Fe, Au, Cu, Sn, Al, Zn 

•  Elements of the atomic number consists of two atoms are called diatomic. 

• Example: H (H2), O (O2), F (F2), Br (Br2) 

• Elements that its atomic number is composed of many atoms are called polyatomic. 

• Example: QP4, SS3, AS4

2. The compound of formula or Molecular formula

               Molecule is the smallest part of a compound, and therefore,

 the same compound formula with molecular formula.

Compounds of formula is a formula which states the composition of elements in a compound, 

while the Molecular formula is a formula which states the composition of atoms in a molecule.

Example: A water molecule is composed of three atoms, two H atoms and one O atom,-

 then water has the formula H2O molecules, similar to compounds of formula anyway.

Structural Formula or Formula 3. Build

Structural formula or formula waking up is a formula that states the bonds that occur between atoms of -

elements that form a compound.

Empirical Formula

Empirical formula is a formula that states the smallest ratio between the elements that make up a compound.

Example: Glucose, molecular formula C6H12O6

C6H12O6 consists of six carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 

six oxygen atoms. If reduced to; 1 atom C: 2 H atoms: one atom O

Empirical formula of glucose is (CH 2 O) n, where n = 6.

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