Chemical Vocabulary
- Atom is Element composed of one type, the {blank}
- Acid is There are several ways to define an acid, but they include any chemical that gives off protons or H+ in water. Acids have a pH less than 7. They turn the pH indicator phenolphthalein colorless and turn litmus paper red.
- Allotropes is Different forms of the same element
- Alkaline earth metal is An alkaline earth metal is an element belonging to Group II of the periodic table. Examples of alkaline earth metals are magnesium and calcium.
- Alkane is An alkane is an organic molecule that only contains single carbon-carbon bonds.
- Alpha Particle An alpha particle is another name for a helium nucleus, which contains two protons and two neutrons. It's called an alpha particle in reference to radioactive (alpha) decay.
- Amine is An amine is an organic molecule in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms in ammonia have been replaced by an organic group. An example of an amine is methylamine.
- Average Atomic Mass Is the weighted average mass of its isotopes.
- Binary Compound is Composed of two elements.
- Boiling Point is The point in temperature when the liquid starts to boil.
- Buoyancy is Ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it.
- Buffer is A liquid that resists change in pH when an acid or base is added. A buffer consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base. An example of a buffer is acetic acid and sodium acetate.
- Base is A base is a compound that produces OH- ions or electrons in water or that accepts protons. An example of a common base is sodium hydroxide, NaOH.
- Beta particle is A beta particle is an electron, although the term is used when the electron is emitted in radioactive decay.
- Binary compound is A binary compound is one made up of two elements.
- Calorimetry is Calorimetry is the study of heat flow. Calorimetry may be used to find the heat of reaction of two compounds or the heat of combustion of a compound, for example.
- Carboxylic acid is A carboxylic acid is an organic molecule containing a -COOH group. An example of a carboxylic acid is acetic acid.
- Catalyst is A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction or speeds it up without being consumed by the reaction. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts for biochemical reactions.
- Cathode is A cathode is the electrode which gains electrons or is reduced. In other words, it is where reduction occurs in an electrochemical cell.
- Chemical equation is A chemical equation is a description of a chemical reaction, including what reacts, what is produced, and which direction(s) the reaction proceeds.
- Chemical property is A chemical property is a property that can only be observed when a chemical change occurs. Flammability is an example of a chemical property, since you can't measure how flammable a substance is without igniting it (making/breaking chemical bonds).
- Covalent bond is A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed when two atoms share two electrons.
- Critical mass is Critical mass is the minimum quantity of radioactive material needed to cause a nuclear chain reaction.
- Critical point is The critical point is the endpoint of the liquid-vapor line in a phase diagram, past which a supercritical liquid forms. At the critical point, the liquid and vapor phases become indistinguishable from one another.
- Crystal is A crystal is an ordered, repeating three-dimensional pattern of ions, atoms, or molecules. Most crystals are ionic solids, although other forms of crystals exist.
- Chemical Property is Characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a chemical change.
- Chemical Change is A change of one substance to another.
- Colloid is Type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solutions, but not heavy enough to settle out.
- Coeffecients is Numbers in front of each substance in a equation.
- Compound is A substance in which the atoms of 2 or more elements are combined.
- Combustion Reaction is Substance reacts with oxygen to make heat and light.
- Diffusion is Spreading of particles throughout a given volume until they are distributed.
- Diatomic Molecule is Consists of 2 atoms of the same element in a covalent compound.
- Double Displacement Reaction is Two elements replace another to make a product.
- Denature is There are two common meanings for this in chemistry. First, it can refer to any process used to make ethanol unfit for consumption (denatured alcohol). Second, denaturing can mean breaking down the three-dimensional structure of a molecule, such as a protein is denatured when exposed to heat.
- Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
- Element is If all the atoms in a substance has the same identity it becomes {blank}.
- Electrons is Particles in a atom with a negative charge.
- Electron Cloud is Area around a nucleus where electrons are mostly found.
- Electron Dot Diagram is Uses the symbol of the element and dots to represent electrons.
- Groups is The vertical columns in the periodic table.
- Heterogeneous Mixture is Mixture in which different materials can easily be distinguished.
- Homogeneous Mixture is Contains 2 or more gases, liquids, or solids substances blended evenly.
- Heat of Fusion is The energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point.
- Law of Conservation and Mass is The mass of all substances that are present before a chemical change equals the mass of all the substances after the change.
- Melting Point is The point in temperature when the solid starts to liquefy.
- Malleable is Can be hammered.
- Molecule is A neutral molecule that forms as a result of electron sharing.
- Nonmetals is Usually gasses or brittle solids at room temperature.
- Nucleus is The center of a atom.
- Neutrons is Particles in a atom with no charge.
- Oxidation Number is Tells you how many electrons an atom has gained or lost.
- Physical Property is Characteristic of a material you can observe without changing the identity.
- Physical Change is A change in size, shape, or state.
- Periodic Table is A table filled with elements in order of atomic numbers, etc.
- Pressure is Force exerted per area. (Formula)
- Substance is A type of matter with a fixed composition.
- Solution is Homogeneous mixture with particles so small that they cannot be seen with a microscope.
- Synthesis Reaction is 2 or more substances that combine to make another.
- Single Displacement Reaction is One element replaces another to make a product.
- Transitional Elements is Between groups 1 and 2, and 13 and 18.
- Viscosity is The resistance to flow by a fluid
- Quarks is Smaller particles in neutrons and protons
"Alpha Particle An alpha particle is another name for a helium nucleus", how can it be like that?
BalasHapusAlready provisions pik..
HapusWho decides it? So that could be a provision of a cak ... please, explain to me
HapusThis theory has been established with the essence of chemical scientists
Hapuscan you give example of covalent bond?
BalasHapusA covalent bond is one of the chemical bonds that occur as a result of the use of a common electron pair, which can only be seen with the Lewis structure.
HapusThere are some atoms that are difficult to remove or receive electrons because they require or liberate great energy for the process. To form a noble gas electron configuration, these atoms bind to each other through the use of a common electron pair. The use of the joint electron pairs occurs on non-metallic atoms. The nonmetallic antoliter bonds that occur through the use of a common electron pair are called covalent bonds. To see how covalent bonding takes place we must first understand Lewis structure.
Example : (HCl), (CH4), (SO3)
Hi ichaa. would you explain to me different of chemical equation and chemical property?
BalasHapusExample of equivalence equation:
HapusC3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) 3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(l)
In the above reaction equation, coefficient C3H8 = 1, coefficient O2 = 5, coefficient CO2 = 3 and coefficient H2O = 4. C3H8, O2 and H2O are gaseous, while H2O is a liquid.
Some types of reactions are oxidation reduction reactions (redox) and acid-base reactions. The concept of acid-base reaction is associated with proton displacement, while the reduction reaction is related to the electron displacement process.
Hi icha.santa want to ask, what are the acid-base theory ?. Thank you
BalasHapus1. Arrhenius Acid Base Theory
HapusAcid
According to Arrhenius, acid is a substance that if in the water releases hydrogen ions (H +).
Examples of acid reactions when dissolved in water as follows.
Bases
According to Arrhenius, bases are compounds which in water can produce hydroxide ions (OH-).
Examples of alkaline reactions when dissolved in water are as follows.
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2. The Basic Acid Theory According to Bronsted-Lowry
The Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory is a theory that complements the weakness of Arrhenius's acid-base theory because not all acidic / basic compounds can produce H + / OH ions if dissolved in water.
According to Bronsted-Lowry acid is a compound that can contribute protons, ie H + ions to other compounds / substances. Bases are compounds that can receive protons, ie H + ions from other compounds. This theory also has a disadvantage, ie it can not show the acid / base properties of a compound if no protons are involved in the reaction.
Based on the above theory, the reaction between HCl and NH3 gas can be described as acid-base reaction, namely: 3 Complete Acid Base Theory According to Experts and Examples
The symbols (g) and (s) represent gaseous and solid substances. Hydrogen chloride donates protons to ammonia and acts as an acid.
3. The Theory of Acid Bases According to Lewis
According to Lewis, acid is a substance that can receive electrons. Bases are substances that can donate pairs of electrons.
What is the example for diffusion?
BalasHapusA simple example is the administration of sugar in fresh tea fluids. Gradually the liquid becomes sweet. Another example is the water vapor from the kettle that diffuses in air.
HapusCan you give an example of a compound that can serve as a catalyst?
BalasHapusThe catalyst is a compound, which, when added to a chemical reaction, reduces the activation energy and increases the reaction rate. The amount of catalyst does not change during the reaction, since it is not consumed as part of the reaction process.
Hapus• Catalysts on diesel vehicles (CuO or Al2O3)
• Catalysts on Synthesis of Sulfuric Acid (Pt, Fe2O3, V2O5)
• Catalysts on Catalitic reforming (Ni)
hi ichhaa ,what is buoyancy,What is that? Please explain to me :D
BalasHapusIn the language of physics buoyancy (buoyancy) is the upward pressure of the liquid against an object opposite to the mass of matter and the effects of gravity. Or in plain language, buoyancy is the ability to float from an object to a particular liquid (eg water, mercury and others).
HapusThe buoyancy is strongly influenced by the ratio between the density of the object and the liquid. Mass type or often referred to as density is the density of an object. The density of the density is derived from the total mass of the object divided by its total volume.
If the density of an object is greater than the density of water, then the object will drown commonly called negative buoyancy. If lighter, the object will float is called positive, and if equal then it is called neutral.
Of course this buoyancy law will be modified if applied to shipbuilding or boatbuilding techniques. There are additional factors that play the role of Surface Tension.
Can you explain the process of a single replacement reaction?
BalasHapusSingle replacement reactions are also called single displacement reactions. The word, "single" is used because there is only a single compound that is affected by the replacement. That single compound is indicated with the letters "BC".
HapusA pure element is represented by the letter "A". The element represented by "A" attacks BC and replaces (displaces) the "B" element to make "AC".
A single replacement reaction is pretty straightforward. Again, one element (usually a metal) (A) replaces another metal (B) that is bound to a nonmetal (C), which also could be polyatomic ion. Roll cursor over the image on the left to see the basic idea of single replacement. Here a silver ion (Ag+) is bound to nitrate (NO3). Magnesium (Mg) metal comes in and replaces the silver ion. This is animation is highly simplified. The next animation below will be more accurate.
(Roll cursor over image to the left to see animation) The silver nitrate is dissolved in water. So the silver ions and nitrate ions are floating about. Magnesium metal is placed in the solution. Magnesium has two outer electrons that get grabbed up by the silver ions. Silver ions have a stronger pull on electrons than does magnesium. When a silver ion (Ag+) gets an electron from magnesium, the silver ion becomes silver metal. The opposite happens to magnesium. It goes from a metal to a magnesium ion (Mg2+) that stays dissolved in the water. So magnesium replaced the silver. The silver drops to the bottom as a precipitate. If melted, you can make silver jewelry. If the solution is dried down, you end up with magnesium nitrate. Below are the equations. The second one shows the individual ions.
A + BC → B + AC
Mg(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → 2Ag(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
Mg(s) + 2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) → 2Ag(s) + Mg2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq)
The fact that one metal can cause another metal to become undissolved is used in many applications.